Common name: Jujube Family: Rhamnaceae Parts used: Seed & Berries (Fruit) Constituents: Triterpenoid Saponins: jujubosides A & B Triterpene acids (e.g. betulinic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, betulonic acid, oleanonic acid, and ursonic acid) Alkaloids (sanjoinine A & nuciferine) Flavonoids (Rutin & quercetin) Phytosterols Polysaccharides (Pectin) Vitamins (C, B & others) & Minerals (Potassium, Calcium,…
Common name: Cat’s Claw Family: Rubiaceae Part used: Inner bark of roots & stems Constituents: Oxindole alkaloids: isopteropodine, pteropodine, mitraphylline, isomitraphylline, uncarine F, speciophylline, 3-isoajmalicine, 19-epi-3-isoajmalicine, uncarine B Plant sterols: beta sitosterol (80%), stigmasterol, campesterol Polyphenols: Catechin tannins, epicatechin, proanthrocyanidins & Flavonoids Quinovic acid glycosides Polyhydroxylated triterpenes Medicinal actions: Anti-inflammatory Antioxidant Anti-neoplastic (Antileukemic) Antimicrobial (Anti-viral) Hypotensive Immune stimulant…
Artemisia absinthium Common name: Wormwood Family: Asteraceae Parts used: Leaf & flowering top Constituents: Volatile oil (thujone, absitol & azulenes) Bitter sesquiterpenes & sesquiterpene lactones (artemisinin, absinthin, artabsin & santoinin) Flavone glycosides Hydroxycoumarins Lignans Medicinal actions: Anti-inflammatory Antimicrobial Anti-neoplastic Anti-parasitic (anti-malarial) Bitter Carminative Choleretic Diuretic Emmenagogue & Uterine stimulant Nervine tonic Medicinal use: The…
Hamamelis virginiana Common name: Witch Hazel Family: Hamameliadaceae Parts used: Leaves, Bark Constituents: Leaves: Tannins (hydrolyzable gallotannins & condensed catechins and proanthocyanin), flavonoids, quercitin, VO. Bark: Tannins (hydrolyzable hamamelitannins & condensed d-gallocatechin, l-epigallocatechin, l-epicatechin), saponins, VO, resin. Medicinal actions: Astringent, anti-inflammatory Medicinal uses: Should only be used topically for the treatment of hemorrhoids, varicose veins, bruises and inflamed swellings…
Gaultheria procumbens Common name: Wintergreen Family: Araliaceae Parts used: Inner root bark Constituents: Volatile oil: methyl salicylate, oenanthic alcohol (n-heptan-1-ol) Medicinal actions: Stimulant, aromatic, astringent, carminative, analgesic, rubefacient, diuretic, galactagogue Medicinal use: Its main use is pain reducing and anti-inflammatory. It is commonly used to…
Dioscorea villosa Common name: Wild yam Family: Dioscoriaceae Parts used: Root Constituents: Steroidal saponins based on diosgenin (dioscin, dioscorin, and others), Starch, Alkaloids, Tannins, Phytosterols Medicinal actions: Antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, cholagogue, diaphoretic, analgesic, anti-tussive, anti-asthmatic, expectorant, anti-diabetic, vasodilator, cardiac sedative, bitter, hepatic, diuretic Medicinal use: Is most indicated in inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, joints, uterus and ovaries. Wild yam…
Lactuca virosa Common name: Wild Lettuce Family: Asteraceae Part used: Dried leaves, latex (milky juice) Constituents: Acids (mallic, citric, oxalic), alkaloids, sesquiterpene lactones (lactucin, lactulone, lactupicrin, lactucic acid), flavonoids (quercitin, apigenin, luteolin), coumarins Actions: Nervous system relaxant, sedative, analgesic, hypnotic, narcotic, antispasmodic Medical…
Baptisia tinctoria Common name: Wild Indigo Family: Fabaceae Part used: Root Constituents: Alkaloids, glycoprotein, oleo-resin, Isoflavones (genistein), flavonoids, coumarins, polysaccharides, bitter principle (baptisin) Actions: Anti-microbial, antiseptic, anti-catarrhal, astringent, immuno-modulating, immuno-stimulant, febrifuge, anti-pyretic, alterative, mild cardiac agent, emetic &purgative (high dose), laxative, emmenagogue Medical uses: Wild…
Verbena officinalis Common name: Vervain Family: Verbenaceae Parts used: Aerial Constituents: Iridoid glycosides (0.2%-0.5%): verbenalin, hastatoside, verbanaline; Caffeic acid derivatives: verabscoside; volatile oil; Mucilage; Bitter substances (inc. verbenalol); Tannins; Alkaloid. Medicinal actions: Parasympathomimetic, anti-spasmodic, mild analgesic, nervous system tonic, bitter, emmenagogue. Medicinal use: A digestive…
Rheum palmatum Common name: Turkey rhubarb Family: Polygonaceae Parts used: Rhizome Medicinal actions: Bowel tonic (mild stimulant laxative), astringent, aperient, sialogogue Constituents: Anthraquinone glycosides including emodin, tannins, stilbene derivatives, volatile oil, rutin, fatty acids, calcium oxalate. Medicinal use: Rheum palmatum is used for its…